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The Living Memory of Centenarians

4/21/2016

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The living memory of centenarians struck me hardest a decade ago, in October 2006 when Enolia McMillan died a few days after her 102nd birthday. Her father, John Pettigen, had been a slave.* Joseph Medicine Crow, the last Crow war-chief (an a WWII vet/hero, historian, anthropologist and educator) turned 100 in 2013 and died just this month. He knew men who rode with Custer against the Sioux, with whom the Crow had a long feud. Rode... with... Custer. He knew them. Susannah Mushatt Jones of Brooklyn is 116, born in 1899 (100 years after the death of George Washington), is the oldest verifiable living human. 

Try, just for a minute, to make a list of all the things this woman has seen and lived through, technological developments, legal developments, geo-political development. Today, there are in the order of 50,000 centenarians living in the U.S. and our history is so incredibly short. It's 2016. Next year is the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, if you count from Luther's 95 Theses (which most people do, though there are certainly arguments to the contrary). Our country turns 240 this year if you count from the Declaration of Independence, 229 if you count from the ratification of the Constitution, 151 if you count from the end of the Civil War. The last person to sail on the HMS Beagle with Darwin died in 1914. The last veteran of Ft. Sumter died in 1919 when Susannah Jones was 20. The last witness of Lincoln's assassination at Ford's theatre died in 1951, when Jones was 52. The last U.S. and Native American veterans of the Little Big Horn died in 1950 and 1955 respectively, when Medicine Crow was in his forties. Geronimo died in 1909. Joe Medicine Crow was not born yet, but of course Susannah Jones was 9. Like one of my sons is right now.

*The last living American who had been a "legal" slave under the chattel system of the South was Sylvester Magee, who died in 1971 (the historical reality of "Slavery by Another Name" is a different question).
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The Color of God

4/14/2011

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So, expect this song/video from Gungor (Michael) to be the next lightening rod for rants against redefining Christianity around love.  I'll not argue one way or the other.  I like the song!  Catchy.  Happy. Seems true enough to me.  My only beef is with the video depicting God's "love" turning vegetables into candy and easing a man's road rage by giving him a pogo-stick with which to hop over offending traffic. That's some SICK privileged theodicy.  But, I'm more interested in helping people explore the ongoing question of the color of God.
In 1974 (the year of my birth), William R. Jones (a Black Unitarian Universalist minister) published "Is God a White Racist?" in C. Eric Lincoln's The Black Experience in Religion. It has since become a book (which I haven't read), but his answer in 1974 was that if we stick with our traditional (even traditional Black theology) answers to the problem of evil and suffering, we have to answer, "Yes!" Suffering in the world seems disproportionately inflicted upon dark skinned people.  Our traditional theologies also suggest that the majority of these same people will go to hell, while a more sizable proportion of White people will go to heaven. The growth of the church in the global south might help remedy the latter complaint in the long run as far as traditional theologies go.  Having rejected the deist God and the God of many traditional theologies, Jones goes on to suggest a humanocentric theology that basically leads to secular humanism (God is love and manifest exclusively in humans being humane).  It is massively unclear to me how this is a better option.  I suppose people who accept this view stop blaming God for the problems of the world??  If we have a humanocentric deity, doesn't "God" ultimately just become a symbol for the people with power?  In my view then, it seems like Jones' "God" would STILL be a white racist, given his assessment of the world.

In 1925 Countee Cullen published Color.  Cullen's poetry includes a great many poignant and pained theological poems, I limit myself here to some famous lines from "Heritage" from the aforementioned collection.

Quaint, outlandish heathen gods
     Black men fashion out of rods,
     Clay, and brittle bits of stone,
     In a likeness like their own,
     My conversion came high-priced;
     I belong to Jesus Christ,
     Preacher of Humility;
     Heathen gods are naught to me.     

Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,
     So I make an idle boast;
     Jesus of the twice-turned cheek,
     Lamb of God, although I speak
     With my mouth thus, in my heart
     Do I play a double part.
     Ever at Thy glowing altar
     Must my heart grow sick and falter,
     Wishing He I served were black,
     Thinking then it would not lack
     Precedent of pain to guide it,
     Let who would or might deride it;
     Surely then this flesh would know
     Yours had borne a kindred woe.
     Lord, I fashion dark gods, too,
     Daring even to give You
     Dark despairing features where,
     Crowned with dark rebellious hair,
     Patience wavers just so much as
     Mortal grief compels, while touches
     Quick and hot, of anger, rise
     To smitten cheek and weary eyes.
     Lord, forgive me if my need
     Sometimes shapes a human creed.

It does seem to me that the needs of (nearly?) every person to sense that God can empathize with us drives us to imagine God in our own image. Cullen later imagined Jesus as a lynched Black man in his 1922, "Christ Recrucified."
On the other hand, echoing the dominant strains of American masculinity, the pastor of the "other" Mars Hill Church (Seattle) once famously intoned:   "In Revelation (the last book of the New Testament), Jesus is a prize-fighter with a tattoo down His leg, a sword in His hand and the commitment to make someone bleed. That is the guy I can worship. I cannot worship the hippie, diaper, halo Christ because I cannot worship a guy I can beat up."  Problems with hippie-diaper-halo-Christ aside, wasn't this the basic problem of the zealots?  Never mind.
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I'm sure no one will ever get this quite right.  I know I don't.  It's much easier to do some of this via negativa.  I can tell you what's WRONG about our God-images easier than I can give you one that is right.  This might be the point of that old commandment, though the incarnation (my favorite doctrine) fouled that up a bit, and now everybody is into icons (myself included).  Let's see if doing things via negativa might lead us to a positive statement.  God IS not a white man, not a boxer, not a Jewish Che Guevera, not a Christian Che Guevera (William Wallace), not a sum of the good in humanity... not "a ninja fighting off evil samurai" (thanks Talladega Nights)... Oh, I know!
God is an unprejudiced white-hipster!!  Like me!  I feel great.
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    Matt Hunter, Ph.D

    Multidisciplinary religious scholar and practitioner

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